The geometric features of the surface processing of hardware components include surface roughness, surface waviness, and surface processing texture. Surface roughness is the basic unit that forms the geometric features of the machining surface. When the workpiece surface is machined with a metal cutting tool, the surface roughness is mainly affected by three factors: geometric factors, physical factors, and numerical control processing factors.
(1) Geometric factors
From a geometrical point of view, the shape and geometric angle of the tool, especially the arc radius of the tip, the leading angle, the auxiliary angle, and the amount of feed in the cutting amount, have a great influence on the surface roughness.
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Precision hardware components
(2) Physical factors
Considering the physical nature of the cutting process, the fillet of the cutting edge of the cutting tool and the extrusion and friction behind it cause plastic deformation of the metal material, which seriously deteriorates the surface roughness. When the plastic material is processed on the numerically controlled lathe to form the band-like chips, a high-hardness built-up edge is easily formed on the rake face. It can replace the rake face and cutting edge for cutting, so that the geometry of the tool, the amount of back to eat a change. The built-up edge of the BUE is very irregular, so that the surface of the workpiece surface changes in depth and width of the knife marks. Some built-up edges are embedded in the surface of the workpiece, increasing the surface roughness. The vibration during the cutting process increases the surface roughness parameter value of the workpiece (3) Process factors
From the process point of view to consider its impact on the surface roughness of the processing of metal parts, there are mainly factors related to the cutting tool, the factors related to the workpiece material and the factors related to the numerical control processing conditions