The geometric features of CNC machining surfaces include surface roughness, surface waviness, and surface processing texture. Surface roughness is the basic unit that forms the geometric features of the machining surface. When the workpiece surface is machined with a metal cutting tool, the surface roughness is mainly affected by three factors: geometric factors, physical factors, and numerical control processing factors. What are the specific effects?
(1) Geometric factors
From a geometric point of view, the shape and geometric angle of the tool, especially the arc radius of the tip, the main angle, the auxiliary angle, and the feed amount in the cutting amount, have a great influence on the surface roughness.
(2) Physical factors
Considering from the physical essence of the cutting process, the fillet of the cutting edge of the cutting tool and the extrusion and friction behind it cause plastic deformation of the metal material, which seriously deteriorates the surface roughness. When the plastic material is processed on the numerically controlled lathe to form the band-like chips, a high-hardness built-up edge is easily formed on the rake face. It can replace the rake face and cutting edge for cutting, so that the tool's geometric angle, back to eat a knife change. The built-up edge of the BUE is very irregular, so that the tool marks on the surface of the workpiece are constantly changing in depth and width. Some built-up edges are embedded in the surface of the workpiece, increasing the surface roughness. The vibration during the cutting process increases the surface roughness parameter value of the workpiece.
(3) Process factors
Considering the influence of the process on the surface roughness of the metal parts, there are mainly factors related to the cutting tool, factors related to the workpiece material, factors related to the numerical control processing conditions, etc